Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent under the family of biguanides. It is taken by mouth usually at a frequency of one to three times a day, for the immediate release form. On the other hand, the extended release form is taken once in the evening with meal.

By Robert P. Tracy

The action of this drug is to help regulate blood glucose by preventing glucose production by the liver. It also helps increase the muscles’ and fats’ sensitivity to insulin to increase their uptake of glucose. This way, a controlled amount of glucose can be attained without increasing the insulin produced by the pancreas.

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This drug is known to be the first line of treatment for diabetes mellitus type 2. It is especially beneficial for overweight and obese people because unlike other anti-diabetic drugs, Metformin does not prompt significant weight gain. It can also help lower one’s LDL and triglycerides — both contribute to the development of complications of this disease like cardiovascular problems, which are actually the leading cause of death among people with this condition.

According to studies made involving Metformin and other anti-diabetic drugs, Metformin reduces diabetic complications by up to 30% compared to insulin and sulfonylureas (another type of oral hypoglycemic agent). Also, unlike other drugs used to treat this disease, Metformin does not produce hypoglycemia especially if taken singly to treat affected people.

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However, even with these benefits, Metformin still has the tendency to produce side effects. Although these side effects are relatively rare, they may prove bothersome and may prompt the discontinuation of the therapy. If given some time though, most of the medication’s side effects will eventually go away on their own. Those that do not can easily be treated at home or by a medical provider.

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Most of the accompanying side effects are mild including nausea, vomiting, bloating, loss of appetite, gas, and diarrhea. Often, decreasing the dosage of the drug is enough to get rid of these problems. It is then important to inform your physician about such problems to help you avoid or lessen these side effects.

A more serious side effect of this drug may also occur, however rarely. It is called lactic acidosis, the presence of too much lactic acid in the blood. Blood tests will typically show the presence of lactic acid above 5 mmol/L, which results to the decrease in blood pH, below 7.35. This is a type of metabolic acidosis which requires immediate medical attention.

Lactate is produced when the cells start producing glucose anaerobically. The chemical is directly produced from pyruvate, a substance derived from glucose after being broken down. If the production of lactate surpasses consumption and the buffers become exhausted, accumulation of lactate in the blood occurs.

Most cases of lactic acidosis occur in patients who are already exhibiting significant health problems like multi-organ malfunction. Patients who are at higher risk for lactic acidosis are sufferers with heart, kidney and liver problems. Patients with systemic infection and folks with advanced age are also part of the list. If you have these problems or have a history, it is important to inform your physician in order for him to take necessary precautions for your case.

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While there are numerous discussions regarding Metformin’s list of often-undocumented adverse effects, there is no doubt that questions regarding “Bone Loss” remained unclear.

By Robert P. Tracy 

Claims that the use of Metformin does not result in bone loss; hence claiming that diabetics should not be worried about such potentially injurious outcomes. On the other hand, there are accounts regarding individuals that have suffered from Metformin-related bone degradation. In part, such accounts once again reinforce the notion that Metformin does have a myriad of often-unlisted yet clearly dangerous side effects. In order to determine whether Metformin does contribute to bone loss, a well-rounded review of existing evidences must be done.

In terms of scientific findings, there have been studies conducted in the past that seemingly support the notion that Metformin is devoid of any bone degrading effects. In fact, several studies suggest that the anti-diabetic drug actually has favorable effects in terms of bone preservation; as diabetics are generally more prone to the effects of bone loss this seems to be a fairly favorable effect. Furthermore, even recent studies conducted on test animals have provided support for Metformin’s protective capabilities. However, as mentioned beforehand, there seems to be an abundance of conflicting findings as well; some studies have linked Metformin use to increased rates of bone degradation.

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To expound, due to Metformin’s intrinsic homocysteine elevating effects, it is highly possible for the bone to be detrimentally affected. Various research have highlighted that high levels of homocysteine often precede bone loss; moreover, with excessive homocysteine levels, one may also suffer from a number of concerns ranging from heart diseases to brain abnormalities. A number of firsthand accounts seem to provide support to the notion that Metformin does increase one’s susceptibility to bone loss and its harmful implications. While these may not be given as much worth as scientific studies, such stories still bring a sense of concern for those taking Metformin.      

It is clear that even by assessing both sides of the debate regarding Metformin’s role in bone loss, a straightforward answer cannot be achieved. Possibly, questions regarding the negative effects of Metformin on the bones would never cease even in the years to come; in addition, conflicting scientific findings may also increase, leading to further confusion.

Thus, instead of being concerned with such Metformin-related risks, one should become an educated patient, and continue to explore other ways of maintaining proper blood glucose levels. Aside from shifting to another safer anti-diabetic medication, taking herbal remedies can support the weight loss aspect of managing your blood sugar levels.

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Herbal supplements are often very supportive and are generally safer than synthetic variants, and are often known to be just as effective. Many supplements like Diab-X are known to have no adverse effects, and no consumers have not noted about any form of hidden or unlisted ill reactions. Many homeopathic MDs suggest a side-by-side program with anti-diabetic drugs.

Only one conclusion, work with your doctor and ask endless questions, ”…trust and verify!”

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